surveying

Plane Survey – that type of survey in which the mean
surface of the earth is considered as a plane, or in
which its spheroidal shape is neglected
Assumes that the survey area is a flat plane.
Generally covers small areas.
Most common method used.
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Operations in Surveying
1. Control Survey – consists of establishing the accurate
horizontal and vertical positions of arbitrary
points for reference
2
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1
3
Reference Point 4
2. Land Survey – also
known as property or
boundary survey, is
performed to
determine the length
and direction of
land lines and to
establish the
position of these
lines on the ground
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Operations in Surveying
3. Topographic Survey – is made to secure data from
which may be made a topographic map indicating
the configuration of the terrain and the location
of natural and human-made objects
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Sample Contours
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Operations in Surveying
4. Hydrographic Survey
It refers to surveying bodies of water for the
purposes of navigation, water supply, or sub
aqueous construction
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Operations in Surveying
5. Mine Survey – utilizes the principles for control, land,
geologic, and topographic surveying to control,
locate, and map underground and surface works
related to mining operations
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Operations in Surveying
6. Construction Survey
It is performed to lay out, locate, and
monitor public and private engineering works
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Operations in Surveying
7. Route Survey – refers to those control, topographic,
and construction surveys necessary for the
location and construction of lines of
transportation or communication such as
highways, railroads, canals, transmission lines,
and pipelines
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Some Transportation Lines That Require Route Survey
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Operations in Surveying
8. Photogrammetric Survey Photogrammetric Survey – utilizes utilizes the principle the principle of
aerial and terrestrial photogrammetry in which
measurements made on photographs are used to
determine the positions of photographed objects